A lush lawn and blooming flower beds are the pride and joy of many homeowners. Canada’s harsh winters, however, can quickly squash the hard work you’ve put into nurturing and maintaining your outdoor spaces during the summer months. To ensure that your backyard gets off to a good start when spring arrives, a little prep work before the snow hits can do a world of good.

Help prepare your lawn and garden for colder weather this year by following these winterization tips.

Care for your annuals and perennials

When it comes to winterizing your garden beds, show your plants and flowers some love. Start by removing any annuals (plants that are only around for one growing season, such as sunflowers, tomatoes and varieties of lettuce). Removing annuals will rid your beds of lingering bacteria, and prevent any potential pests or diseases from building up during the winter.

For your perennial plants, give them a healthy trim back and a final water before the end of the season. Perennials with large and dense roots can be cut and divided into smaller plants to support better regrowth in the spring.

Bring delicate plants, such as succulents or potted bulbs, indoors to prevent frost damage. Cover any shrubs or plants that can’t be moved inside with landscape fabric or burlap to protect them from harsh weather conditions.

Get down in the dirt

Just like your plants, your soil also needs some help preparing for the winter ahead. Remove any weeds, dead plant debris and buried root vegetables from your soil before the first hard frost sets in. Spread mulch over your soil and around the base of trees to provide a protective layer from frost and a barrier that will help to keep moisture and temperature levels consistent for your plants. When cleaning up your soil, you may also want to consider planting bulbs for the following spring, such as crocus, tulips and daffodils.

Show your lawn a little TLC

The ground gets compacted and cold during the winter, which can make it difficult for lawns to recover post-thaw. Help your lawn out by aerating it in the fall to loosen soil and ensure better drainage. Instead of raking all of the tree leaves off of your lawn, cut your grass long — approximately two to three inches high — and leave a layer of shredded leaves on top. Mowing the leaves into tiny pieces will allow your lawn’s soil to absorb nutrients from the fallen debris more efficiently while still letting light and moisture through. In low-traffic areas where your lawn is patchy and damaged, overseed in the early fall for best results in the spring.

Add a boost of nutrients

As your garden prepares for hibernation, it helps to give your outdoor greens some needed nourishment.

If you have a compost bin, sprinkle this material on your flower beds to help them replenish their nutrients post-winter, and top up your bin with any leaves, grass clippings or debris from your winterization clean up. You can give your lawn a final dose of sustenance too with the help of special winter grass fertilizer that contains nitrogen and potash.

Not all of your fallen leaves have to end up in paper bags. Instead, add mulched leaves to your perennial flower beds and vegetable gardens as an insulating layer and a source of valuable nutrients for the soil.

Preparing your home for winter can be a daunting task. Starting early and taking time between jobs will make it much more manageable.

Your efforts will keep out the cold, keep money in your pocket through energy savings and keep your home running efficiently.

Here are six ways to winterize your home this season.

Maintain machines and appliances

Having your furnace and ventilation system serviced by a professional in the fall can prevent potential emergency calls when the temperature drops. 

For improved air quality throughout your home, have your ducts cleaned annually before the onset of cold weather. Outdoor air conditioning units should be covered properly and their power disconnected during the off-season. While you’re at it, cover any lawn furniture or landscaping that will be exposed to the elements.

Conduct a thorough inspection on your yard tools too – drain fuel from your lawn mower and water from your pressure washer, and complete a maintenance check on your snowblower. This will prolong their lifespan and ensure they work efficiently when you need them. If you heat your home with wood, oil or propane, be sure to top up your supply before the cold months hit.

Seal windows, doors, decks and concrete

If the caulking or weather stripping around your windows and doors is cracked, it can let cold air and moisture in, damaging window sills while causing mildew, mold and significant heat loss. Repair and replace what is necessary and cover older windows with a protective window film until they can be replaced.

Decks, driveways and concrete surfaces are not impermeable. Purchase proper sealants or stains that you can apply yourself before ice and snow arrives, or hire a professional. Preserving the integrity of these large surfaces will only serve you in the long run, saving you from major repairs or full replacements.

Outside water

Before draining your pipes, disconnecting hoses or winterizing your  sprinkler system, always turn off the outside water supply. Leaving the outside water on during winter can cause pipes to burst, leading to flooding and damage to your property. If you haven’t already, you may want to consider insulating your water pipes, especially if you leave a summer home unattended off-season or vacation for extended periods of time in the winter months.

Check your gutters

Make sure the gutters are in good condition and properly secured to your home. Prevent damage by clearing out debris to allow snow to melt and drain easily, and point the downspout away from your home. Water should always be moving away from your property to avoid flooding and water damage.

Gutter guards are a worthy investment, as they can help to keep debris and pests out. Clogged gutters can result in leaks that lead to mold and mildew, and act as a breeding ground for mosquitoes and bacteria.

Tend to the attic

Pests can cause damage to your home and your health. Safeguard your attic from birds and rodents who may move in during the winter by checking for access points and placing a screen under any vent. Contact pest control if you suspect an infestation.

To keep warm air from escaping through your roof, determine the R-Value of your current attic insulation and add more to areas not properly insulated, or completely replace the insulation if needed. For added warmth and energy efficiency, you can add insulation to your garage doors and basement.

Inspect your smoke detectors

This important task is not limited to just one season… Inspect your smoke and carbon monoxide detectors monthly, replacing batteries and cleaning them when necessary. Smart home devices can be installed to continuously monitor smoke detectors (and much more), providing added peace of mind.

If some of these tasks are not within your skillset or you simply don’t have the time, hire a general contractor for the small jobs and a certified technician for specialized tasks, such as inspecting the furnace.